Conception

Each year in the UK over 600,000 babies are born. For most couples the decision to become parents is not taken lightly and years of planning and consideration take place.

Conception or fertilisation is the name given to the fusion of an ovum (the egg which is released by the female) and a sperm (released by the male) to form an embryo. This is the very beginning of life.

An egg is released in the middle of a woman’s menstrual cycle. This is usually around day 14 in a 28 day cycle but can be later in the cycle if periods are irregular. A released egg lives for 12 to 24 hours and begins to make its way along the fallopian tube and into the uterus. The male sperm however lives for a little longer, 12 to 48 hours. Each time a man ejaculates a few million sperm are released in to the vagina. The race begins as the sperm attempt to reach the egg. The more active sperm make their way through the cervix (the opening to the uterus), then into the uterus and finally into the fallopian tube. The egg and only a few thousand successful sperm are able to meet in the tube. A single egg and a single sperm may fertilise at this point. The resulting embryo then makes its way into the uterus where it implants. The embryo then develops and as we know 40 weeks later the baby is due and this being known as the "due date".

This start to life is dependent on many factors. Prior to conceiving it is important for you both to consider your reproductive health. Points to consider are:

• Diet – Ensure that you are neither over nor under weight. You can ask your local practice nurse or GP to advise you on this. Eating a balanced and healthy diet is important and women should take the recommended 400mcg of folic acid per day to prevent neural tube defects. For sexually active men there is an increased need for more Zinc, and not surprisingly the more sexually active your man is the more zinc is required. Pregnant women need an increase in zinc rich foods. Zinc is high in shellfish, fish, red meat, dairy, beans and lentils. The highest source for vegetarians are pumpkin seeds. It is vital that fresh fruit and vegetables are included in a healthy diet. Oily fish provide essential Omega oils so are well worth considering but should only be eaten once or twice a week. The need to have enough intake of folic acid in your diet, or as a supplement. This is to prevent neural tube defects such as Spina Bifida
• Alcohol and drugs – It is important to limit alcohol and follow current guidelines. When pregnant it is advisable to stop drinking alcohol all together. Drugs should definitely be avoided. If you are taking medication it is worth speaking to your GP to check they are safe in pregnancy. An alternative may be available.
• Smoking - It is now known that smoking has an adverse effect on sperm production, pregnancy and the unborn child. This is a good time to stop!
• Exercise – Regular exercise will boost your well being. Fast walking 2 to 3 times a week is a good start. Swimming is a good all rounder for both men and women and is safe from early pregnancy until your due date. Your local gym instructor can advise you.

This article is written by Sonya Murray